Obesity, Sleep Apnea and Cognitive Functions in Children Research Paper

Obesity, Sleep Apnea and Cognitive Functions in Children - Research Paper Example obstructive relaxation apnea is give birthd when the airways ar significantly narrowed, and again increased have a go at it weight can contribute to this narrowing and the subsequent breathing problems (Chan et al, 2004). Although the links among sleep apnea and obesity are well-researched, the links between impaired cognitive function, obesity and sleep disruption are minimal, although studies have been done comparing two of the above. The article in question (Clark, 2005) illustrates the possible links found between all three of the conditions. The purpose of this paper is to examine the biology behind the research and investigate the possible reasons for the connection. The structure of the pharynx is illustrated in figure 1. From this diagram, it is homely that the windpipe is a narrow structure and any further narrowing could cause a lowered ability to receive sufficient air into the lungs. O bstructive sleep apnea is categorized by a cyclic closing and opening of the pharynx during sleep, which can lead to disrupted gas exchange and disturbed sleep (Strohl, 1996). Evidently, any disruption in sleep is going to cause excessive fatigue/sleepiness, but research suggests that the effects of sleep apnea go beyond this and cause behavioural problems (such as impulse control and hyperactivity) and cognitive deficits. It has been suggested that these are caused by intermittent states of hypoxemia as well as reductions in brain metabolism (Clark, 2005). intention 1 Diagram of the neck illustrating the pharynx (Clark, 2005) There are also suggestions that obesity is linked to cognitive deficits. Learning, memory and abstract reasoning were all figuren to be lower in people suffering from obesity and hypertension, although the effects were seen in men only (Elias et al, 2003). Despite this evidence, it is unclear whether obesity is a result of or a cause of these impaired cogni tive facilities. People who have taken part in cognitive skill building exercises as younger children are shown to have less chance of developing obesity as adults (Hill et al, 2003), but this could be partly due to socioeconomic factors. Other suggestions have been made that show that impaired cognitive function is a result of obesity. The glucocorticoids (GC), for example, are implicated. Figure 2 shows the chemical structure of cortisol, an important example in this group of sex hormone hormones. GCs are found in almost every vertebrate cell, and bind to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). GCs are important in several areas of the brain, including the hippocampus, the amygdala and the frontal lobes (Clark, 2005). In obesity, individuals may be exposed to an abnormally high amount of glucocorticoids (Masuzaki et al, 2001), and evidently if they play an important role in brain function, obesity could well be a cause of impaired cognitive function. Image 2 The Chemical Structure of C ortisol (Clark, 2005) Obesity has also been linked to a number of neurologic conditions, primarily stroke. A stroke is characterized by a swift loss of brain function because of a blockage or other disturbance of the simple eye supply to the brain (Clark, 2005). Thrombotic stroke is the most common type of stroke in obese individuals (Clark, 2005). Blood supply in

Explain what you understand the term Transnational Corporation to Essay

Explain what you understand the term Transnational Corporation to mean. Using specific examples of these organisations, assess what contribution they shoot made to the development of Globalisation - Essay ExampleThese include product marketing, personnel, financial matters as well as production strategies. The policies may have swarm country orientation or parent country orientation (Held, D and Mcgrew, 2000 pp.122-127). A international corporation may be owned by citizens of one, devil countries or more.In an another(prenominal) situation, a corporation may establish branches in different countries in order to reduce the cost of transporting raw materials in order to reduce the final cost of the products that is added to the consumer price.A corporation may also establish branches in countries that event its products in order to escape import tax that may be enforced by the importing country against foreign corporations. An example of this is when external levy was enforced aga inst outsiders by the European Community, corporations from the fall in States engaged in Foreign Direct Investment in order to evade these tariffs (Howard Perlmutter, 1969 pp.36-38).Fluctuating exchange rates are also a broker that leads to the establishment of transnational corporations in order to avoid losses that are associated with these rates. This phenomenon a rears when corporations produce at a high value of the local currency and then the value falls during exportation. They opt to establish a subsidiary industry in the importing country.Competition is also a factor that gives rise to transnational corporations. A corporation X in one country may be producing the same products as another corporation Y in a different country, both competing for a common market Z. corporation X may tackle this competition through purchasing company Y and other such corporations in several countries, thereby becoming a transnational corporation. An example is when both Monarch in Germany and Opel in Canada were purchased by GM which gave rise to GM Germany and GM Canada respectively (Hill, Charles W L, 2008 pp 24-31).Lower

Uninsured and Ill, A Woman is Forced to Ration Her Care Essay

Uninsured and Ill, A Woman is Forced to Ration Her Care - Essay ExampleKaur, a yr old brothel keeper who has suffered from glaucoma since she was a child. Hailing from a poor background, we see how her family struggled to take her to an optometrist who through and through prescribed stronger and stronger spectacles. Now a grown, married lady her illness is a crucial problem to her day to day work. Ms. Kaurs access to care for her eye condition has been affected by many situations.Ms. Kaur works in Manhattan newsstand, at her husbands uncle, she makes $6 an hour, and she works from 6 am to 3 pm without lunch break for seven days a week. In her health condition, she uses glasses to see well. Her annual income when calculate sums up to $16000 per year. This amount does not qualify her or Medicaid or any other government health program for the poor. Occasionally she experiences eye throbbing pain that require medical attention. Her visits to the New York eye and ear infirmary, where s he has been treated for glaucoma on and off since 1999, leave her in debt and having exhausted her earnings on medication and other necessities Ms. Kaur, sometimes avoids regular deposit visits. On many occasions, Ms. Kaur acts as her own physician and druggist though it is said that, with lack of professional attention, she may wind up causing a problem in her other eye.The absence of a regular doctor to examine her condition has also been seen as a barrier since she does not receive the free samples that many patients enjoy with regular doctors. A spokes woman for allergen explained that pharmaceutic companies have free drug programs for the poor. Ignorance is another barrier to Ms. Kaur health access the fact that she lacks a source of information about the readily available insurance policy programs for the poor, company programs for the uninsured this would have enabled her to receive xalatans for at least 6 months. Ms. Klau is also faced with cultural barriers, culturally a young woman in India was not allowed to work to make

Technology gets better over time Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Technology gets better over time - Essay Example tally to Langdon Winner (2001) in his essay Whatever happened to the electronic cottage?, he has described the illusionary concept drawn by Alvin Toffler in his book, The Third ruffle (1980) that technology would help the people to become more closer they would develop more social bonding among them which would give rise to greater community perceptual constancy along with an increase in the establishment of voluntary organizations supporting different groups in a society. His vision of an ideal society established on the radix of advancement of technology suggests that there would be less stress and more leisure in the lives of people with an increased focus on the expansion of value and morality within the social structure. The vision drawn by Alvin Toffler came to reality but with bitter results. ... It is important to understand that how these technological interactions have influenced individuals and the groups in a society, at large. The emergence of social networking sites have become a major medium for communication for a large number of people all roughly the globe. The use of such social networking sites can have positive as well as the negative consequences on the lives of people which depend on how they atomic number 18 using it. In a society where people are geographically separated and one tries to keep in touch with his family and friends, technology has facilitated them in maintaining their dealing even in the farthest corners of the world. For a person, it has become just a matter of time to re-connect with his long-lost companion through a social networking site. However, with the benefits and positive aspects cerebrate with the use of social networking sites we cannot ignore the negative consequences and risk associated with the use of social networking sites and increased virtual communications. Different people have different influences of such websites. This income tax return can be explained with an example of a man who displays all the events of his day on a play card and stands holding them on a exoteric place. Due to this particular act of his display, he draws the attention and reaction of known and unknown people towards the internal affairs of his manners giving an opportunity to scuttlebutt on his personal life and affairs. The vast extend of all kinds of comments and remarks on social media plays a negative role in the users life regardless whether the comments or remarks are true or not their results are devastating in many peoples lives. According to

Choju Giga Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Choju Giga - Essay ExampleAnthropomorphism this is the attribution of human behavior or manner to that of an puppet. non-homogeneous cultures have a long-standing anthropomorphized tradition characteristic that represent behaviors of human in both art and storytelling traditions. This paper will illustrate the influence of animal representations in Choju Giga artwork.Satire This form of art and literature brings about vices and conventions fun among individuals and groups with a significance of ridiculing them. This paper will apply Choju Giga as context to demonstrate the purpose of animal characteristic in order to make connections between visual and literary satire.Parody this an artistic and literary work that imitates the style of characters of the author or work for effects of comic or ridicule. This paper will use the satirical emaki examination as a context to illustrate the use of images of animal in animation.Choju Giga is regarded as unusual from other build hand scroll s the deviance being that, it is limited to an accompanying text, and for its humorous matter of subject. The scrolls are acknowledged as a satirical observation on monastic life and moral decrease in Japans 12th century (Baker 88). In difference to West, where animation has performed a significant cultural role in the Japans 20th century, the country has a long pictorial tradition. Various scholars footnote that these scrolls are important for their history as some the earliest Japanese manga forms (Napier 73).In this scrolls segment, there is a marked absence of intense colors, with rather an ferocity on ink and strokes of the brush. The scroll is meant to be viewed from the right side to the left side. On the left side end, there is a frog image future(a) to the monkey. The frog is observed to be holding a leaf umbrella and the monkey clothing what emerges to be branches. The umbrella hold

Water safety and quality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Water safety and quality - Research Paper ensampleAccess to safe and quality body of water as a basic human right has proven to be challenging worldwide, let alone in the developing countries, but also in the developed nations.Safe and quality water is important for the health of quite a little in any society to prevent risks of diseases and verify proper sanitation and hygiene. Water safety and quality is a health concern and serves to enable people access pure, clean, and uncontaminated water for their healthy drinking. However, to hurry effective quality drinking water, it requires intense coordination from public water treatment systems, in-plant water consumption together its distribution process and the cosmopolitan attention to outside weather related issues in the surround (Doyle 5). Water is freely provided by nature, but it does not mean that all water available is safe for consumption. until now the fresh water sources from the ground, which most people in the rura l areas rely on, could be unsatisfactory for health standards. What hinders water safety and quality Pollution is the major(ip) case that governments and organizations have to take precaution on. Water pollution is caused by the daily activities in a wider range from domestic functions, industries and plants use and discharge to the general public care of its environment. According to the United Nations (1), the growth in creation and changing climatic conditions continue to be affected by the decline in water quality. Nations economies and the global life of the living organisms are at stake in the absence of quality safe water. Pollution from human settlement Areas where the population density is high will always have a problem in sanitation and disposal of waste products if not well controlled. Despite the lying-in made so far, there still exist towns and municipalities without proper ways of disposing the societies household waste (Human Impacts, keystone.edu). People living i n slums have exceptional resources that have to be shared equally by all. Faecal contamination (both in humans and animals) is one challenge affecting safety of drinking water and it leads to a spread of health illnesses to millions of people in the world (UNICEF unicef.org). Lack of enough toilets and proper identified locations, to deposit their domestic waste limits the societies, and water environment health standards. The sewage and waste come into advert with the water supply systems hence affecting the water quality. Pollution from industries Industries use the water in their cleaning, processing, and cooling systems. In the end, the waste water effluent consists of different kinds of chemicals, both organic and inorganic, which if released untreated, adjoins the level of arsenic compounds in the water bodies over time. Referring to the United Nations, industries are associated with the increase of solvents, toxic substances, heavy metals, and chemicals dumped into the wa ter bodies among other wastes (2). People end up using the water not knowing the content of dangerous compounds that exist. The water that comes into contact with such effluent automatically becomes unsafe for use. People are used to bathing in the beach and rivers thinking that the water is safe even for their swimming. Although people have an irresponsible behavior of urinating in the water, there are other invisible hazards identified in large water bodies where they go swimming. According to a sanitary and safety investigation, water bodies and especially in the beach, may portray presence of toxic contaminants, medical infectious waste, sewage, wastewater discharge, petroleum products, and floatable debris if deliberate (nyc.gov). Pollution from agricultural activities Nowadays, farming makes use of chemicals in almost all stages of crops growth and livestock production. In USA, fertilizer and manure run off is the chief(prenominal) issue in water pollution (UN 2). Animals ar e feed on manufactured products that are made using chemicals, cleaned in chemicals

The Hitchhiker Essay Example for Free

The Hitchhiker EssayI was driving home one wintry evening, at the end of an ordinary mean solar day at work, aspect forward to the dinner my wife was preparing. Most of the time, I was deep in thought recalling the days matters. My home was in the suburbs and since I worked in the town centre, I had to drive through its streets to get back. It was getting dark and had just begun to rain. I stopped at a crossroad when the traffic lights turned red. People were paseo hurriedly off pavements, into nearby shops and cafeterias for shelter, and very soon the streets were deserted.The traffic lights turned green and I resumed driving. The bright town lights began to fade in the background as I drove through the outskirts, and as usual, took a right turn that brought me onto the main road, that was a six-mile drive to my destination. By now, it was raining heavily and the windscreen wipers could nevertheless keep up with the water, compelling me to drive at a slower speed.A few minu tes later, I encountered a figure on the go away side, crouching and holding a thumb out, as I drove past. I was unable to distinguish the sex of the person who was wearing a black, raincoat with a hood c everywhereing the face. I glanced in my rear mirror to see if there were any lights coming from other vehicles, but there none were empennage me. Guilt pricked my conscience as I thought of the person who seemed to be in pain. Then fear followed, remembering the dangers of giving lifts to strangers. Ultimately, guilt won me over and I turned round to drive back through the aforementioned(prenominal) road, hoping the person would not be there.Despite my hopes, the figure was exactly in the same place, still in crouching position, but this time, the arm with the held up thumb was swinging ferociously. I stopped the car and hooted for the person to get in. I could feel a sudden adrenalin rush and my heart beating away, rapidly. When the person opened the car door and sat down, I lo oked at the face and got the surprise of my life, as it was an elderly woman of about seventy. She too, seemed shocked, and then told me in a haughtily manner, that I was supposed to be a woman. My first conception was that of a distressed woman. When I asked her why, she replied that those were the instructions she got.I had just silently finished telling myself again that she was insane, when a car with blinding lights screeched to a halt behind us. both car doors slammed shut, non-simultaneously, and the sound of running feet headed towards the passengers side. A mans drenched face peered through the window and shouted, Mrs. Brown, can you please roll down the window? She did so, and he told her that she had got into the defile car. He then looked at me and apologized for the incident. Subsequently, the other person, also a man, explained to me that I had driven straight into a film sceneBeing so oblivious in my thoughts, I missed the signs at the beginning of the main road t hat cautioned drivers about the filming event. The heavy rain had not helped either. My somewhat boring day had ended with a thrilling event.